Athlete imagery ability: A predictor of confidence and anxiety intensity and direction

Abstract

This study investigated whether athletes’ sport imagery ability predicted the intensity and direction of their trait anxiety, and whether trait confidence mediated this relationship. Three-hundred and fifteen male (n = 181) and female (n = 134) athletes (M_age = 19.23; SD = 1.16) completed the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire to measure skill, strategy, goal, affect, and mastery ease of imaging, and the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 to measure the intensity and direction of cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence. Structural equation modelling supported a model whereby mastery and goal imagery ability positively predicted confidence. This in turn negatively predicted cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity and positively predicted cognitive and somatic anxiety direction. Mastery and goal imagery ability indirectly predicted cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity and direction via self-confidence. However, mastery ease of imaging directly predicted cognitive anxiety intensity. Results demonstrate the importance of mastery and goal imagery ability in regulating confidence and the intensity and direction of anxiety symptoms. Results infer that individuals who are better at seeing themselves achieving goals and performing well in difficult situations are able to reduce the impact of negative images by replacing these with positive ones.

Keywords:

• cognitive anxiety
• confidence
• ease of imaging
• somatic anxiety

Notes

1. Removed cognitive anxiety items were “I feel concerned about this competition”, “I have self-doubts”, and “I'm concerned that I won't be able to concentrate”; Somatic items were “I feel nervous”, “My body feels relaxed”, and “My body feels tight”; and the removed confidence item was “I feel at ease”. The removal of these items did not affect any of the subscales with all Cronbach α values still over .70. Specific model fit values for each questionnaire and the order that items were removed can be obtained upon request from the lead author.