Biological bases of neuroplasticity – in vivo and in vitro studies: Interest for the auditory system

Abstract

Neuroplasticity is the ability that neurons exhibit to modify their functional activity (short- or long-term potentiation/depression) and/or the structure of their synaptic tree. Neuroplasticity is the most relevant process that leads to the organization of the mature nervous system. It is especially important in highly active and rapidly changing processes such as learning and memory. Therefore, in humans, neuroplasticity is essential during the acquisition of language, for hearing as well as speech activities. In addition, neuroplasticity is involved in nerve recovery after damage. The molecular bases of neuroplasticity have attracted both scientists and clinicians in recent years and cell culture experiments have added relevant information. The in vitro administration of glutamate or GABA to isolated spiral ganglion neurons resulted in neuroplasticity activity modifying neurite sprouting. Neuroplasticity studies will be relevant also in the application of some therapeutic strategies. Thus, the use of cochlear implants and the possible future implantation of stem cells (also used as a therapy for deafness) require a review of our actual knowledge on neuroplasticity.

• neuroplasticity
• cell culture
• neurotrophic factors
• neurotransmitters
• cochlea
• auditory system