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Cyberbullying: Development, consequences, risk and protective factors

A longitudinal study of cyberbullying: Examining riskand protective factors

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Pages 168-181 | Published online: 07 Mar 2012
 

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to examine possible risk (school-bullying and victimization, exposure to media violence, callous-unemotional traits, impulsivity and narcissism) and protective (family, peer and school social support) factors that might be associated with cyberbullying and cyber-victimization by employing a longitudinal, two-wave design. The sample consisted of 1,416 (50.1% girls) adolescents living in Cyprus. The findings suggested cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between school-bullying and cyberbullying and between school-victimization and cyber-victimization. Furthermore, callous-unemotional traits were longitudinally related to cyberbullying. Media violence exposure was a risk factor leading to both cyberbullying and cyber-victimization, while family social support was a protective factor for both types of adjustment problems. Finally, family social support protected adolescents living in single-parent households from being cyber-victimized when their friendships were not supportive.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Veronica V. Hawa

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3-IRG) under Grant Agreement No. 224903.

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