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Articles

L’Univers affectif féminin dans Vernon Subutex de Virginie Despentes

 

Abstract

Ever since the publication of her first novel Baise-moi (1993), gender identities have constituted a leitmotiv in Virginie Despentes’ work. Vernon Subutex, her latest novel published as a trilogy from 2015 to 2017, pursues this exploration. The three volumes portray intermittently twenty-six characters and, in addition to their social experiences, Despentes exposes us to their interiority as, in her fiction, the social can never be divorced from the personal. At first glance, the novel seems to reinforce the gender-based division of the univers affectifs. The novel actually reveals how the gendered dichotomy assigning reason and the public sphere to men and binding women to emotions and the private sphere still shapes identities. Women in particular seem mostly preoccupied with personal relationships, just as they are reduced to their gender, if not sex: love and their (self-)objectification prevail. Despentes does not explicitly denounce the persistence of gender-based ideals or of the gendering of the univers affectifs. On the contrary, the faithful rendition of the female characters’ interiority raises the readers’ awareness as to this phenomenon. The critique occurs, therefore, on the metadiscursive level.

Notes

1 Pour la presse, voir Artus, Hubert. “Une Histoire de haute fidélité: Virginie Despentes.” Lire Feb. 2015: 42–44 ; Brocas and Einhorn 26–31 ; Crom, Nathalie. “Vernon Subutex, 1.” Télérama.fr 10–16 Jan. 2015: 42. Web. https://www.telerama.fr/livres/vernon-subutex,-1,121157.php?ccr=oui. 7 July 2017 et “Vernon Subutex 3.” Télérama.fr 22 May 2017. Web. http://www.telerama.fr/livres/vernon-subutex-3,158477.php. 7 July 2017 ; Kaprièlian, Nelly. “‘Notre Génération a été un feu de paille’.” Les Inrockuptibles 7–13 Jan. 2015: 20–26; Kaprièlian, Nelly, and Virginie Despentes. “Virginie Despentes: ‘Ma colère est une colère de vaincu’.” Les Inrockuptibles 24–30 May 2017: 20–26 ; Leyris (“Colère intacte”) 4 ; Leyris, Raphaëlle. “Despentes en gants de velours.” Le Monde des livres 5 June 2015: 4. Web. https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2015/06/03/despentes-en-gants-de-velours_4646615_3260.html. 14 Mar. 2018. Pour les universitaires, cf. Goergen, Maxime. “Vernon Subutex et le roman ‘balzacien’.” Rocky Mountain Review 72.1 (Special Edition on Virginie Despentes) (2018): 165–182 ; Nettelbeck, Colin. “The Novelist as DJ: Vernon Subutex and The Music of Our Times.” Rocky Mountain Review 72.1 (Special Edition on Virginie Despentes) (2018): 183–202 ; Schaal, Michèle A. “Whatever became of ‘Génération Mitterrand’? Virginie Despentes’s Vernon Subutex.” French Review 91.1 (2017): 87–99.

2 Despentes, Virginie. Baise-moi. Paris: Florent-Massot, 1993.

3 Le chapitre que Schaal consacre à Despentes propose une liste exhaustive des chercheur.e.s ayant traité de la performance et de l’intersectionnalité dans l’œuvre de l’auteure (TVFL 124–141).

4 Cf. Ahmed 2–3 ; Boler 1492 ; Corbin, Courtine et Vigarello 7 ; Jensen et Wallace 1255.

5 Voir Bourdieu 20–23, 41–45, 58–60, 81–83, 128–129 ; Guillaumin 4, 11–12, 15, 18 ; Plaza 91 ; Wittig, Monique. La Pensée straight. Paris: Amsterdam, 2007. (35–41).

6 Cf. Artus (“Une Histoire de haute fidélité: Virginie Despentes”) 44 ; Crom (“Vernon Subutex, 1”) 42 ; Leyris (“Colère intacte”) 4 ; Leyris (“Gants de velours”) 4.

7 Émilie et Sylvie n’apparaissent que peu dans les deux autres tomes de Vernon Subutex, avec seuls deux chapitres consacrés à leurs perspectives (VS2 49–65; VS3 197–215). Ces derniers confirment leur dévolution à la sphère privée et à l’univers affectif. Sylvie développe toutefois une conscience de classe en raison de sa chute dans la précarité.

8 Lydia Bazooka apparaît furtivement dans les deux derniers volets. Si deux chapitres, dans le troisième tome, proposent la perspective de Céleste, seule une brève histoire d’amour est mentionnée (Despentes, VS3 284–285). Le second chapitre relève plutôt du leitmotiv du viol chez Despentes (KKT 57).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Michèle A. Schaal

Michèle A. Schaal is Associate Professor of French and Women’s and Gender Studies at Iowa State University. She has published articles on contemporary French feminisms as well as on French and Francophone women writers Isabelle Flükiger, Marie Hélène Poitras, Claire Legendre, Marie Darrieussecq, and Virginie Despentes. Her book Une Troisième vague féministe et littéraire was published by Brill in 2017.

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