Magnetic hybrid nanovesicles for the precise diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system disorders

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders are increasingly being recognized as a global health challenge worldwide. There are significant challenges for effective diagnosis and treatment due to the presence of the CNS barriers which impede the management of neurological diseases. Combination of nanovesicles (NVs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), referred to as magnetic nanovesicles (MNVs), is now well suggested as a potential theranostic option for improving the management of neurological disorders with increased targeting efficiency and minimized side effects.

Areas covered

This review provides a summary of major CNS disorders and the physical barriers limiting the access of imaging/therapeutic agents to the CNS environment. A special focus on the unique features of MNPs and NV is discussed which make them attractive candidates for neuro-nanomedicine. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of MNVs as a promising combined strategy for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes in neurological disorders is provided.

Expert opinion

The multifunctionality of MNVs offers the ability to overcome the CNS barriers and can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. The insights provided will guide future research toward better outcomes and facilitate the development of next-generation, innovative treatments for CNS disorders.

KEYWORDS:

• Central nervous system (CNS)
• blood-brain-barrier (BBB)
• nanovesicle
• magnetic nanoparticles
• diagnosis
• drug delivery

Article highlights

• The development of theranostic agents for disorders that affect the CNS has proven challenging

• The main reason for the limited success of drugs to reach the CNS is related to the BBB

• Various nanotechnology-based systems have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders

• NVs are a group of nanostructures which can accommodate large amounts of water soluble and lipid soluble therapeutics

• With the intention of providing a controlled and targeted release to the CNS, MNVs were developed

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Vice-Chancellor for Research of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Grant No. 74163).