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Abstract
Drawing on Redhead's discussion of Baudrillard as a theorist of hyperreality, the paper considers the different ways in which the mediatized ‘live’ football spectacle is often modelled on the ‘live’ however eventually usurps the ‘live’ forms position in the cultural economy, thus beginning to replicate the mediatized ‘live’. The blurring of the ‘live’ and ‘real’ through an accelerated mediatization of football allows the formation of an imagined community mobilized by the working class whilst mediated through the sanitization, selling of ‘events’ and the middle classing of football, through the re-encoding of sporting spaces and strategic decision-making about broadcasting. A culture of pub supporting then allows potential for working-class supporters to remove themselves from the panoptican gazing systems of late modern hyperreal football stadia and into carnivalesque performative spaces, which in many cases are hyperreal and simulated themselves.
Acknowledgements
Steve Redhead for his general helpful advice and support.
Notes
1 CitationAuslander, Liveness.
2 CitationAuslander, Liveness
3 See discussion of Baudrillard in CitationGiulianotti, Sport: A Critical Sociology.
4 CitationWeed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’
5 CitationBale, ‘Virtual Fandoms’, 275.
6 Virilio's concept of ‘those absent from the stadium are always right’ in CitationRedhead, Paul Virilio, Theorist for an Accelerated Culture.
7 CitationWhannel, Fields in Vision; Media Sport Stars Masculinities and Moralities.
8 CitationBoyle and Haynes, Power Play, Sport, the Media and Popular Culture.
9 CitationEmery and Weed, ‘Fighting for Survival?’
10 Whannel, Fields in Vision, 38.
11 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 401.
12 See CitationSky Sports Football News Match Report, Manchester City vs. Everton, 2 October 2005.
13 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 401.
14 Giulianotti, Sport: A Critical Sociology.
15 CitationRedhead, Paul Virilio Reader, 28.
16 Discussion of CitationBaines in Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’
17 Auslander, Liveness, 66.
18 CitationMacCannell's discussion of ‘returning’ in Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’
19 Peters in CitationMarriott, Live Television, 111.
20 Boden and Molotch in Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 407.
21 Discussion of Grotowski's acting style in CitationMitter, Systems of Rehearsal, Stanislavski, Brecht, Grotowski and Brook.
22 CitationWhannel, Media Sport Stars Masculinities and Moralities.
23 Discussion of Stanislavski's method in Mitter, Systems of Rehearsal, Stanislavski, Brecht, Grotowski and Brook.
24 CitationRedhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 30.
25 CitationRedhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 30
26 CitationUry in Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 29.
27 CitationUry in Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 29
28 Boyle and Haynes, Power Play, Sport, the Media and Popular Culture.
29 Auslander, Liveness, 25.
30 Auslander, Liveness, 25
31 CitationRedhead, ‘Those Absent from the Stadium are Always Right’, 13.
32 CitationRedhead, ‘Those Absent from the Stadium are Always Right’, 13
33 Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 29.
34 See discussion of Baudrillard in Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 42.
35 CitationGiulianotti, Sport and Modern Social Theorists, 234.
36 Bogart in Giulianotti, Sport and Modern Social Theorists, 234.
37 Watt in Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 51.
38 Giulianotti, Sport and Modern Social Theorists, 234.
39 CitationBaudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation.
40 See discussion of Baudrillard in Giulianotti, Sport: A Critical Sociology, 185.
41 See discussion of Baudrillard in Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 51.
42 See discussion of Baudrillard in Giulianotti, Sport and Modern Social Theorists, 235.
43 See discussion of Baudrillard in Giulianotti, Sport and Modern Social Theorists, 235
44 Baudrillard in Giulianotti, Sport: A Critical Sociology, 185.
45 CitationGiulianotti, Football: A Sociology of the Global Game, 84.
46 CitationGiulianotti, Football: A Sociology of the Global Game, 84
47 CitationGiulianotti, Football: A Sociology of the Global Game, 84
48 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’
49 Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues, 30.
50 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 401.
51 CitationAnderson, Imagined Communities.
52 CitationAnderson, Imagined Communities
53 CitationAnderson, Imagined Communities
54 CitationAnderson, Imagined Communities
55 Redhead, Post-Fandom and the Millennial Blues.
56 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 403.
57 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 403
58 Bale in Brown, Fanatics! Power, Identity and Fandom in Football.
59 Anderson, Imagined Communities.
60 Weed, ‘Pub as a Virtual Football Fandom Venue?’ 411.
61 See CitationBakhtin's notion of the ‘canivalesque’ in ‘Rebelais and his world’.
62 See discussion of the panoptican in CitationFoucault, Discipline and Punish.
63 Bale in Brown, Fanatics! Power, Identity and Fandom in Football, 275.
64 Auslander, Liveness.
65 Discussion of Brecht in Mitter, Systems of Rehearsal, Stanislavski, Brecht, Grotowski and Brook.
66 Robins, ‘Into the Image.