Para-adventure: a hyper-dynamic problem for the inclusive coach

Abstract

Recent research has recognized sports coaching as complex, chaotic and cognitively taxing for coaches. Against this backdrop, the present paper explores challenges faced by high-level coaches working with disabled performers. Specifically, it seeks to understand how coaches create mental models of performance in adventure sports and para-canoe. Five coaches were purposively sampled and underwent a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis revealed conceptualizing the mental model as being mechanically related for all and as including a social construction within the para-canoe coaches. Reflection on the coaching process and on personal characteristics were perceived as important to individualized inclusive coaching. Coach training should particularly emphasize the need for critical judgement and decision-making skills within a similarly oriented social structure of coaches and support staff where applicable.

Keywords:

• Adaptive coaching
• adventure sports
• disability
• inclusivity
• paralympic sport
• para-canoe

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 A sit on-top is a variant of kayak with a flat hull and open deck that allows ease of access and stability with the paddler literally ‘sitting on top’ of the kayak. Additionally, sit on-tops are affordable, durable, and allow multiple configurations including seating positions.

2 Denotes level of function within para-canoe kayak classification. KL1: Athletes with no or very limited trunk function and no leg function and typically need a special seat with high backrest in the kayak. KL2: Athletes with partial trunk and leg function, able to sit upright in the kayak but might need a special backrest, limited leg movement during paddling. KL3: Athletes with trunk function and partial leg function, able to sit with trunk in forward flexed position in the kayak and able to use at least one leg/prosthesis.