Flexible architecture of relay-based wireless network for network lifetime extension with hop-count constraint

Abstract

In relay-based wireless networks, messages need to be forwarded via intermediate relay mobile terminals (MTs). However, because of various transmission distances and unbalanced traffic load, some relay MTs may tend to drain their batteries faster than others. After a certain number of MTs deplete their battery energy, the peer-to-peer communication may become disconnected. Depletion of the battery energy of any relay MT will degrade the performance of the relay-based wireless networks. The network lifetime is defined as the time at which an MT runs out of its battery energy for the first time within the entire network. Moreover, with commercial development of cellular systems proceeding, the research community turns its attention to the next generation systems. It is clear that next generation wireless networks will be heterogeneous wireless networks with a hierarchical overlay of networks of potentially different technologies. However, maintaining quality of service (QoS) in the heterogeneous environments of the future turns out to be a challenging task. In this article, a novel QoS constrained network lifetime extension cellular ad hoc augmented network (QCLE CAHAN) architecture is proposed for next generation wireless networks. The QCLE CAHAN architecture is proposed to achieve the maximum network lifetime under the end-to-end hop-count constraint (QoS constraint). QCLE CAHAN has a hybrid architecture, in which each MT of CDMA cellular networks has ad hoc communication capability. QCLE CAHAN is an evolutionary approach to traditional cellular networks. QCLE CAHAN can dynamically balance battery energy across MTs and extend the network lifetime. QCLE CAHAN can regulate the number of hops between the base station and the MT to adapt to the end-to-end QoS requirements for different services. We show that the network lifetime is much higher in the case of QCLE CAHAN than in the case of traditional cellular networks.

Keywords:

• cellular networks
• ad hoc networks
• network lifetime
• energy balance
• hop count

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0435250.

Notes

1. The physical layer entities such as synchronisation and error detection fields are excluded.

2. In the simulation scenario of Figure 8, ad hoc communication range is 100 m, initial battery energy is 100 W s, threshold battery energy is 20 W s, basic transceiver power consumption is 80 mW, additional receiver power consumption is 20 mW, maximum moving speed of MT is up to 30 m/s, transmission quality (minimum SIR requirement) is equal to 5 and update interval is 1 s.

3. In the simulation scenario of Figure 9, ASR is 1/8, initial battery energy is 100 W s, threshold battery energy is 20 W s, basic transceiver power consumption is 80 mW, additional receiver power consumption is 20 mW, maximum moving speed of MT is up to 30 m/s, transmission quality (minimum SIR requirement) is equal to 5 and update interval is 1 s.

4. In the simulation scenario of Figure 10, ad hoc communication range is 100 m, ASR is 1/8, initial battery energy is 100 W s, threshold battery energy is 20 W s, basic transceiver power consumption is 80 mW, additional receiver power consumption is 20 mW, transmission quality (minimum SIR requirement) is equal to 5 and update interval is 1 s.

5. In the simulation scenario of Figures 11 and 12, ASR is 1/8, initial battery energy is 100 W s, threshold battery energy is 20 W s, basic transceiver power consumption is 80 mW, additional receiver power consumption is 20 mW, maximum moving speed of MT is up to 30 m/s, transmission quality (minimum SIR requirement) is equal to 5 and update interval is 1 s.

6. In the simulation scenario of Figure 13, ASR is 1/8, initial battery energy is 100 W s, threshold battery energy is 20 W s, basic transceiver power consumption is 80 mW, additional receiver power consumption is 20 mW, maximum moving speed of MT is up to 0.3 m/s, transmission quality (minimum SIR requirement) is equal to 5 and update interval is 1 s.