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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Acromegaly, caused in most cases by Growth Hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas, is characterized by increased skeletal growth and enlargement of the soft tissue, because GH and its effector Insulin-like Growth factor-1 are important regulators of bone homeostasis and have a central role in the longitudinal bone growth and maintenance of bone mass.
Areas covered: Despite the anabolic effect of these hormones is well known, as a result of the stimulation of bone turnover and especially of bone formation, many acromegalic patients are suffering from a form of secondary osteoporosis with increased risk of fractures.
Expert commentary: In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical picture, disease course and management of skeletal complications of acromegaly, focusing in particular on secondary osteoporosis and fracture risk in acromegaly.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
L. De Marinis received a research grant from Ipsen, was a principal investigator for Novartis and took part in a protocol for Pfizer. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.