93
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Theme: Bone – Review

An update on bone imaging and markers in chronic kidney disease

, &
Pages 455-466 | Received 24 Jun 2016, Accepted 19 Sep 2016, Published online: 28 Sep 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with heightened risks of fractures, vascular calcification, poor quality of life and mortality compared to the general population. However, diagnosis and management of these disorders in CKD are complex and appreciably limited by current diagnostic modalities.

Areas covered: Bone histomorphometry remains the gold standard for diagnosis but is not widely utilised and lacks feasibility as a monitoring tool. In practice, non-invasive imaging and biochemical markers are preferred to guide therapeutic decisions.

Expert commentary: This review aims to summarize the risk factors for, and spectrum of bone disease in CKD, as well as appraise the clinical utility of dual energy X-ray densitometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bone turnover markers.

Declaration of interest

D Johnson is a consultant for Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd and has previously received research funds from this company. He has also received speakers’ honoraria and research grants from Fresenius Medical Care. Associate Professor Carmel Hawley has received research funding from Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd, Shire Pty. Limited and Fresenius Medical Care. She has received travel grants from Amgen Australia. R Krishnasamy has received speaking honoraria from Shire Australia. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Additional information

Funding

No funding was received.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.