Further understanding of the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: impact on future treatments

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The understanding of the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has expanded with more research into T-cell subtypes, cytokine contributors, B-cell participation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and more. Treatment options have rapidly expanded with three relatively recent oral therapy alternatives entering the arena.

Areas covered: In the following review, we discuss current mechanisms of immune dysregulation in MS, how they relate to current treatments, and the impact these findings will have on the future of therapy.

Expert commentary: The efficacy of these medications and understanding their mechanisms of actions validates the immunopathogenic mechanisms thought to underlie MS. Further research has exposed new targets, while new promising therapies have shed light on new aspects into the pathophysiology of MS.

KEYWORDS:

• Multiple sclerosis
• demyelination
• immune therapies

Declaration of interest

S. Dhib-Jalbut received grant support from Biogen Idec, and TEVA Pharmaceuticals. He also served as a consultant to TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Serono, Bayer, Genentech, and Genzyme. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.