Effects of dietary protein and amino acid levels on the expression of selected cationic amino acid transporters and serum amino acid concentration in growing pigs

Abstract

The absorption of lysine is facilitated by leucine, but there is no information regarding the effect of crude protein, lysine and leucine levels on the expression of cationic amino acid transporters in pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with 20 pigs (14.9 ± 0.62 kg initial body weight) to evaluate the effect of two protein levels, and the content of lysine, threonine, methionine and leucine in low crude protein diets on the expression of b^0,+ and CAT-1 mRNA in jejunum, Longissimus dorsi and Semitendinosus muscles and serum concentration of amino acids. Treatments were as follows: (i) wheat–soybean meal diet, 20% crude protein (Control); (ii) wheat diet deficient in lysine, threonine and methionine (Basal diet); (iii) Basal diet plus 0.70% l-lysine, 0.27% l-threonine, 0.10% dl-methionine (Diet LTM); (iv) Diet LTM plus 0.80% l-leucine (Diet LTM + Leu). Despite the Basal diet, all diets were formulated to meet the requirements of lysine, threonine and methionine; Diet LTM + Leu supplied 60% excess of leucine. The addition of lysine, threonine and methionine in Diet LTM increased the expression of b^0,+ in jejunum and CAT-1 in the Semitendinosus and Longissiums muscles and decreased CAT-1 in jejunum; the serum concentration of lysine was also increased (p < 0.01). Further addition of l-leucine (Diet LTM + Leu) decreased the b^0,+ expression in jejunum and CAT-1 in the Longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05), increased the serum concentration of leucine and arginine and decreased the concentration of isoleucine (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the Control diet expressed less b^0,+ in jejunum, and CAT-1 in the Semitendinosus and Longissiums muscles expressed more CAT-1 in jejunum (p < 0.05) and had lower serum concentration of isoleucine, leucine and valine (p < 0.05), but higher lysine concentrations (p < 0.01) than those fed Diet LTM. These results indicated that both, the level and the source of dietary amino acids, affect the expression of cationic amino acid transporters in pigs fed wheat-based diets.

Keywords:

• absorption
• gene expression
• jejunum
• limiting amino acids
• pigs
• skeletal muscles
• transporters

Acknowledgements

The National Science and Technology Council of México (CONACYT) is acknowledged for providing a scholarship to Héctor García. The authors also wish to thank Evonik Industries AG for partially funding this project. The authors are very thankful to Antonio Rosas for performing the amino acid analyses in serum.