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Articles

From a pub game to a sporting spectacle: the professionalisation of British Darts, 1970–1997

 

ABSTRACT

Various sport scholars have noted the transition of sports from amateur leisure pastimes to professionalised and globalised media sporting spectacles. Recent developments in darts offer an excellent example of these changes, yet the sport is rarely discussed in contemporary sports studies. The only sustained theoretical research on darts focuses primarily on the origins of the sport in its nostalgic form as a working-class, pub taproom pastime in England. This article critically examines the transformation of darts from a leisurely game to a professional sport between the 1970s and the 1990s. The change was enabled by the creation of the British Darts Organisation (BDO) and the introduction of television broadcasting, which together fed a continual process of professionalisation. Initially, this article discusses both the concept of professionalisation and similar developmental changes in a selection of English sports. Following this, via selected interviews, documentary analysis and archival information, the reasons behind the split in darts are explicated, shedding light on how the BDO did not successfully manage the transformation and the sport split into two governing bodies, from which the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC), the sport’s most successful organisation in the present day, has emerged to dominate the world of televised darts.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

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44. Ibid., 84.

45. The inaugural Barclay’s Darts League commenced in early 1925, consisting of 56 darts teams across London in five divisions. Barclay Perkins sponsored the prizes and trophies for the winning teams, but the responsibility for the organisation lay with the licensees.

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55. Ibid., 203.

56. Ibid., 205.

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58. The News of the World Individual Darts Championship Finals was first held at Holborn Hall in London in 1928. Patrick Chaplin explains how the championship helped to popularise darts in his publication (Chaplin, 2009, 118–119).

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69. Dowling et al. cited Carr-Saunders and Wilson (1933), Denzin and Mettlin (1968), Hall (1967) and Hall (1968) as some of the earlier pre-eminent authors in the field of professionalisation.

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74. Ibid., 522.

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79. This element was explored via ethnographic research in 2015 and 2016 by the author towards his doctoral thesis.

80. Chaplin, Darts in England, 130.

81. Ibid., 223.

82. John Horne, Sport in Consumer Culture (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006).

83. Chaplin, Darts in England, 186.

84. Ibid., 223.

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88. Ibid., 11.

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90. Waddell, Bellies and Bullseyes, 42.

91. Ibid., 42.

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93. Ibid., 72.

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96. Ibid., 52.

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99. Ibid., 56.

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101. Chaplin, Darts in England, 223.

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103. Ibid., 119.

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107. George and Hardy, Bobby Dazzler, 242.

108. John Lowe and Patrick Chaplin, Old Stoneface: The Autobiography of Britain’s Greatest Darts Player (London: Blake Publishing, 2005).

109. ‘Blood On The Carpet - Poisoned Arrows’, TV programme (BBC 2: BBC, 2001).

110. Keith Deller (Darts player, Winter Gardens, Blackpool) in discussion with the author, July 2015.

111. Bristow, The Crafty Cockney, 264.

112. Lowe and Chaplin, Old Stoneface, 294.

113. Ibid., 294.

114. Tommy Cox (PDC Tournament Director, Alexandra Palace, London) in discussion with the author, December 2015.

115. Bristow, The Crafty Cockney, 265.

116. Ibid., 265.

117. Waddell, Bellies and Bullseyes, 186.

118. John Gwynne, (Darts Commentator, Sheffield Arena, Sheffield) in discussion with the author, April 2016.

119. Waddell, Bellies and Bullseyes, 186.

120. Ibid., 194.

121. Ibid., 194.

122. Olly Croft, during an interview for Blood on the Carpet, 2001.

123. Leighton Rees, interview by John Lowe. In John Lowe and Patrick Chaplin, Old Stoneface: The Autobiography of Britain’s Greatest Darts Player (London: Blake Publishing, 2005), 294.

124. Waddell, Bellies and Bullseyes, 189.

125. Lowe and Chaplin, Old Stoneface, 294.

126. Rees in Lowe, Old Stoneface, 294.

127. Shilbury and Ferkins, Managing Leisure 16, no. 2 (2011): 108.

128. Edward Lowy, (Unicorn Managing Director, Alexandra Palace, London) in discussion with the author, December 2015.

129. Chaplin, Darts in England, 224.

130. Ibid., 224.

131. Tony Blackshaw, Leisure (London: Routledge, 2010).

132. Paul Kelso, ‘Bull’s-Eye! Darts Achieves Sporting Recognition’, The Guardian (2017), https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/mar/25/sport.paulkelso.

133. Beech and Chadwick, The Business of Sport Management, 5.

134. Chaplin, 2009: 37.

135. Ibid, 37.

136. Richard Giulianotti, Sport and Modern Social Theorists (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).

137. Ben Dirs, ‘BDO Rejects Hearn’s Takeover Bid’, BBC Sport, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/darts/8318633.stm (accessed July 2, 2016).

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