Maximal vs. explosive knee extensor strength in professional soccer players: inter-limb asymmetries and relationship with knee function

ABSTRACT

The main aims of this study were to compare the magnitude of inter-limb asymmetry (ILA) and the relation with self-reported knee function between maximal and explosive knee extensor strength outcomes in professional soccer players. Forty-six male soccer players completed different maximal isokinetic and isometric contractions of the knee extensors for the assessment of maximal strength (peak torque and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque) and explosive strength (early, intermediate, late, and peak rate of torque development (RTD)). Self-reported knee function was assessed with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm knee scoring scales. Peak torque and MVC torque showed comparable ILAs (8-9%), both being significantly lower than all RTD ILAs (16% on average; p < 0.001). ILAs for early RTD (21%) and peak RTD (19%) were significantly higher than all the other variables (p < 0.05). Only early and intermediate RTD were significantly correlated – though weakly – with both IKDC (rho = 0.32 for both) and Lysholm (rho = 0.36 and 0.30, respectively) scores. We conclude that explosive knee extensor strength – early RTD in particular – exhibited larger ILAs and better relations with self-reported knee function than peak torque and MVC torque in professional soccer players. These results confirm the validity and functional relevance of early RTD and the need for its inclusion in routine performance testing for soccer players.

Highlights

• Professional soccer players exhibited larger inter-limb deficits in knee extension strength for explosive actions than for the widely-used isokinetic test.

• Self-reported knee function was significantly correlated with explosive strength of the knee extensor muscles but not with maximal strength.

• The first 50 ms of an explosive knee extension seem to be crucial for self-perceived sport performance and possibly for injury prevention.

KEYWORDS:

• Isokinetic strength
• rate of force development
• dynamometry

Acknowledgments

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.