Can artificial intelligence improve accessibility to ophthalmic image screening and diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries: a review

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Reviewer declarations

A reviewer on this manuscript has disclosed they are a co-founder of a firm involved in the automated diagnosis of retinal fundus images using deep learning. Another reviewer on this manuscript has disclosed they are a co-founder and shareholder of MONA, an AI company. Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no other relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.

Declaration of interests

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was funded by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF).