Negative mood disrupts self- and reward-biases in perceptual matching

Abstract

There are established effects of self- and reward-biases even on simple perceptual matching tasks [Sui, J., He, X., & Humphreys, G. W. (2012). Perceptual effects of social salience: Evidence from self-prioritization effects on perceptual matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105–1117]; however we know little about whether these biases can be modulated by particular interventions, and whether the biases then change in the same way. Here we assessed how the biases alter under conditions designed to induce negative mood. We had participants read a list of self-related negative or neutral mood statements [Velten, E. (1968). A laboratory task for induction of mood states. Behavior Research and Therapy, 6, 473–482] and also listen for 10 min to a passage of negative or neutral music, prior to carrying out perceptual matching with shapes associated to personal labels (self or stranger) or reward (£12 or £1). Responses to the self- and high-reward-associated shapes were selectively slower and less sensitive (d′) following the negative mood induction procedures, and the decrease in mood correlated with decreases in the reaction time bias across “high saliency” (self and high-reward) stimuli. We suggest that negative mood may decrease self- and reward-biases through reducing attention to salient external stimuli.

Keywords:

• Self-bias
• Reward-bias
• Negative mood
• Associative learning

Notes

¹Our prior experience indicates that showing participants the stimuli before the perceptual matching task has little effect on performance.

²Given that we failed to find any differences between the effects of mood induction on self- and reward-biases, we averaged performance, respectively, across the self- and high-reward conditions and across the stranger- and low-reward conditions, in order to achieve the most stable data for the correlations.