Dual LABA/LAMA bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why, when, and how

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Declaration of interest

L Calzetta has participated as an advisor in scientific meetings under the sponsorship of Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis, has received non-financial support by AstraZeneca, received a research grant partially funded by Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Almirall, and is or has been a consultant to ABC Farmaceutici, Edmond Pharma, Zambon, Verona Pharma, and Ockham Biotech. MG Matera has participated as a lecturer, speaker, and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis, and has been a consultant for Chiesi. P Rogliani has participated as a lecturer, speaker, and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of Almirall, AstraZeneca, Biofutura, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Menarini Group, Mundipharma, and Novartis. M Cazzola has participated as a lecturer, speaker, and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of Almirall, AstraZeneca, Biofutura, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Menarini Group, Lallemand, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Verona Pharma, and Zambon, and has been a consultant to ABC Farmaceutici, Edmond Pharma, Chiesi, Lallemand, Novartis, Verona Pharma, and Zambon. Additionally, L Calzetta, P Rogliani and M Cazzola all work for a department that has received funding from Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Novartis, and Zambon. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

A reviewer on this manuscript has disclosed that they have received personal fees from Chiesi, Teva, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Mundipharma, Cipla, Sanofi, Sandoz, 3M and Zambon, and grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis and Pfizer. Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no other relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.