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Abstract
The rapid spread of computers into almost all fields of commercial, intellectual, and social activity has obscured a great deal: the role of mathematicians in the early history of computing, the uses of early machines, the techniques developed by mathematicians to aid their use and the impact of automation on mathematics itself. Fortunately archives in both the United Kingdom and the United States have preserved some evidence of how mathematicians developed the techniques necessary to exploit early machines.
Notes
1 File DSIR 10/317, the National Archives, Kew.
2 File DSIR 10/319 First Annual Report (October 1949–September 1950), the National Archives, Kew.
3 File DSIR 10/317, the National Archives, Kew.
4 Grace Murray Hopper Collection (Call 324 Series 5) Programming course for E-MCC's engineers. Outline for second lecture, 11 Apr. Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. 2 page mimeographed document, 4/11/50.
5 Grace Murray Hopper Collection. Call 324 Series 5. Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, 1949–1965. Box 4, Folder 7 Flowchart Symbols, 15 June 1950, MP-2 by Arthur A Katz.
6 Grace Murray Hopper Collection, Call 324 Series 5, Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, 1949–1965, Box 4, Folder 6 Matrix Multiplication Routine for the BINAC, 9/23/49, Report 230–2b by HFMjr (Herbert F Mitchell, Jr).
7 NPL Archive Series H Folder N15, T Vickers, DEUCE Sub-routines.
8 NPL Archive Series H Folder N9, Simplified programming systems for ACE, M Woodger work 1959, Incl. complete DEUCE prog. for shockwave boundary layer interaction, Ma4532, 1957–59 and Series H Ref I1.
9 ICL Archive Box 45/1 Item 36, International Computer and Tabulator Limited, ICT 558 Computer Programming Manual, January 1962.