Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ADMPT/H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂: a novel Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid-based magnetic inorganic–organic nanohybrid material as potent Lewis acid catalyst for the efficient synthesis of 1,4-dihydopyridines

ABSTRACT

A novel Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid-based magnetic Inorganic–organic nanohybrid, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ADMPT/H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂, was fabricated and used as a green, efficient, eco-friendly, and highly recyclable catalyst for the one-pot and multi-component synthesis of 1,4-Dihydopyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives from the reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate with good to excellent yields and in a short span of time. The nanohybrid catalyst was prepared by the chemical anchoring of Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂ onto the surface of functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol)-triazine (ADMPT) linker. These nanocatalysts were identified by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). This protocol is developed as a safe, cost-effective and convenient alternate method for the synthesis of 1,4-DHP derivatives utilizing an eco-friendly, and a highly reusable catalyst.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid
• eco-friendly catalyst
• 1,4-dihydopyridine
• Hantzsch reaction
• fe₃O₄ nanoparticles
• green chemistry

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Mohammad Ghanbari graduated with the Ph.D. degree in Organic Chemistry from the University of Tehran, Iran (2012). In 2013, he was appointed as assistant professor in the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Kashan. His research program is based on synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry. His principal focus of research is the development and application of new catalytic methods for the synthesis of bioactive compounds.

Sanaz Moradi received her B.Sc. degree in Chemistry from Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, in 2013 and her M.Sc. degree in Organic Chemistry from the University of Kashan (Kashan, Iran) in 2017.

Moslem Setoodehkhah received his B.Sc. degree in Chemistry from Persian Gulf University (Bushehr, Iran) in 2001 and his M.Sc. degree in Inorganic chemistry from the Shiraz University (Shiraz, Iran) in 2004. He received his Ph.D. degree in Inorganic Chemistry from the Shiraz University in 2011. He joined the Department of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Kashan in 2013. His research interest includes the Synthesis and application of Schiff bases, magnetic core-shell nano-structures as well as nano-particles.

ORCID

Mohammad Ghanbari http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-1860

Additional information

Funding

The authors are grateful to the University of Kashan for supporting this work by [Grant Number 573600/2].