The current trends in the green syntheses of titanium oxide nanoparticles and their applications

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is a new star in the science horizon with many valuable applications and promises to offer. It includes the synthesis and utilization of nanostructure materials ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Mostly these materials are generally (or “could be”) produced via the laborious and hazard-prone physical and chemical methods but the green synthesis approaches easier, safe and scalable have been recently developed. Among other metal oxides nanoparticles, Titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles have been mostly exploited for their photocatalytic, antimicrobial and antiparasitic applications. A diverse set of biological entities are used to reduce the precursor metal salt into respective nanoparticles. The secondary metabolites present in organisms such as plants or microbes are involved in the bio-reduction and capping processes. This article will provide an overview of the green synthesis of TiO₂ NPs from different biological extracts such as plants, microbes and biological products as well as their potential applications.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Titanium
• nanoparticles
• nanotechnology
• antimicrobial
• photo catalysis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Muhammad Nadeem is an MPhil graduate scholar from Quaid I Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. His research interests includes nanoparticle synthesis and their potential applications and toxicity.

Duangjai Tungmunnithum is a research scientist with expertise in biochemistry, medicinal chemistry and phytochemistry.

Christophe Hano is a senior research scientist. His research area includes medicinal plants biotechnology, plants physiology and nanoparticles synthesis.

Bilal Haider Abbasi is a senior scientist. His area of research includes bioprocess technology, medicinal plants biotechnology and green synthesis of nanoparticles.

Syed Salman Hashmi is an MPhil research Scholar at Quaid I Azam University Islamabad Pakistan. His current research is focused on the green synthesis of nanoparticles and its biological applications.

Waqar Ahmad is an MPhil research Scholar at Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Pakistan. His current research is focused on the green synthesis of nanoparticles and interactions with plants.

Adnan Zahir is an MPhil research Scholar at Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Pakistan. Presently he is working on biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles and plant tissue culture.

ORCID

Muhammad Nadeem http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-5366

Christophe Hano http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-0151

Bilal Haider Abbasi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-2134

Notes

Abbreviations: EDAX: energy dispersive X-ray; FESEM: field emission scanning electron microscope; FTIR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; SAED: selected area (electron) diffraction; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGA: thermo gravimetric analysis; UV: Ultraviolet; XRD: X-ray powder diffraction