Cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles using fruit’s peel agro-waste extracts: characterization, in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant activities

ABSTRACT

Biosynthetic procedure is the best alternative to the preparation of nonmaterials as the challenges faced by the scientist from the last few decades. Present research reports cost-effective, inexpensive eco-friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of fruits peel agro-waste. X-ray diffraction spectrum of identified TiO₂NPs found noncrystalline in nature. Fourier transform infrared showed O–H, C = O, C–O, and C–H functional groups present in the fruit peel involved in the biosynthesis of TiO₂NPs. The prominent peak at 1708, 1720 and 1700 cm⁻¹ observed in the spectrum attributed to O–Ti–O stretching in Plum, Kiwi and Peach mediated TiO₂NPs. The SEM images of all three TiO₂NPs revealed cylindrical in shape. The size of TiO₂NPs synthesized from Plum, Kiwi and Peach were found to be 47.1 and 63.2, 54.1 and 85.1 and 200 nm, respectively. All the TiO₂NPs exhibited size- and dose-dependent antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Eco-friendly
• agro-waste
• fruit peel
• titanium dioxide nanoparticles
• antibacterial
• antioxidant

Disclosure statement

There was no any conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Noushin Ajmal has received is Ph.D. award in 2018. She has experienced in the formation of metal nanoparticles using green Chemistry approach.

Keerti Saraswat has expertise in the field of organic and green chemistry for the potential biological interest. Presentally she is working in College of Science and Humanities, Paratap University Jaipur, India as Associate Professor.

Md. Afroz Bakht Received his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical chemistry in 2009. He is currently working as an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry in the College of Science and Humanities Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, KSA. His research interest is in the synthesis of potential organic scaffold utilizing new green chemistry technics and studying their pharmacological activities. He has few novel green solvents and catalysts to his name. He has also used ultrasound technology for the synthesis purposes.

Yassine Riadi Received his Ph.D. in organic pharmaceutical chemistry from the University of Orleans in France in 2013. Yassine is an assistant professor and researcher in the College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. His research focuses on the development of new green catalysts using facile and low-cost processing methods and their use in the synthesis of new drugs and compounds.

Mohammed Jawed Ahsan has completed his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical chemistry from NIMMS university, Jaipur, India in 2012. He has expertise in medicinal and pharmacological activities of compounds/ molecules in the area of antimicrobial, antioxidants and anticancer.

Md. Noushad did his master in nanotechnology. Presentally he is involved in designing, preparation and characterization of nanomaterials in Bottom Up Technologies Corporation [BT Corp], Bangaluru, India.