Generalization and maintenance of a self-management program for drooling in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities: A second case series

ABSTRACT

In this case series (n = 10) with a non-concurrent multiple baseline design, a self-management program was shown to be effective during inpatient training in eight participants with oral-motor problems and normal intelligence or mild intellectual disabilities. They were taught to perform a self-management routine and to remain dry for increasing time intervals. In addition, the program provided differential (self-) reinforcement of swallowing, controlling and wiping behavior, explicit formulation of motivational factors, instruction and feedback for parents and teachers, and continued practice after discharge. Generalization of the initial effect to the school setting was demonstrated in seven participants. Follow-up assessments demonstrated maintenance of positive results in four children up to 24 weeks, and for two other participants until 6 weeks after discharge. These results appeared to be relevant to parents and teachers. Teaching parents and teachers to implement the procedure enables them to support the child without professional supervision in the case of relapse.

KEYWORDS:

• Behavioral treatment
• drooling
• generalization
• maintenance
• neurodevelopmental disabilities
• self-management

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Chantal Keulards for her participation as second rater to determine reliability of latency scores.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest.