The Congolese diaspora in Brussels and hybrid identity formation: multi-scalarity and diasporic citizenship

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Notes

1. Text from Matonge mural by Chéri Samba (see Figure 1).

2. For a detailed review of methodology and in-depth description of interlocutors, data collection and analysis, and interpretation, see Eva Swyngedouw (2006). All transcripts of interviews available from Eva Swyngedouw.

3. Papa Wemba, sound-track of Pièces d'identités (1998), a movie by Congolese director Mweze Dieudonné Ngangura.

4. These data were obtained from the neighbourhood database. The geographical delimitation of the Matonge neighbourhood is defined by the following streets in Ixelles: Porte de Namur, Chaussée d'Ixelles, Rue du Viaduc, Rue du Trône, and Rue du Champs de Mars.