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1 For more on the author’s dissertation, see Liao Minshu, “Qingdai duiwai tongshang zhidu” [The System of Foreign Trade during the Qing Era]. In Jindai Zhongguo, dongya yu shijie [Modern China, East Asia, and the World], eds. Wang Jianlang and Luan Jinghe. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2008, 2: 443–466.
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