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ABSTRACT
During the Chinese War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Civil War, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) imposed restrictions on the marriage of its cadres, so as to maintain the Party’s effective control and combat cohesion. The Central Committee of the CCP did not issue uniform regulations on this topic; most decisions were made by the base areas, with the indirect support of the Central Committee. Marriage and love are personal matters, and the restrictions certainly caused emotional suffering for ordinary cadres affected. However, there were important reasons for the CCP’s implementation of these measures. Through punishment and guidance, these restrictions were carried out smoothly and did not cause great upheaval. As love and marriage became areas subject to the political power of the CCP, they unexpectedly became a focal point of the collision between individuality and Party spirit and between the individual and the group.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Glossary
| Dou Shangchu | = | 窦尚初 |
| Erba wu tuan | = | 二八五团 |
| Fan Yuanzhen | = | 范元甄 |
| Gao Lu | = | 高鲁 |
| Hengshui | = | 衡水 |
| Jingbing jianzheng | = | 精兵简政 |
| Jing Xiaocun | = | 景晓村 |
| Ji Xing | = | 吉星 |
| Kang Sheng | = | 康生 |
| Li Rui | = | 李锐 |
| Liancheng | = | 连城 |
| Ling Feng | = | 凌风 |
| Ling Zifeng | = | 凌子风 |
| Liu Rong | = | 刘荣 |
| Liu Shaoqi | = | 刘少奇 |
| Liu Yanjin | = | 刘燕瑾 |
| Longchang | = | 隆昌 |
| Mao Dun | = | 茅盾 |
| Pan Shi | = | 磐石 |
| Pingxi | = | 平西 |
| Pingyao | = | 平遥 |
| Qiangjiu shizuzhe yundong | = | 抢救失足者运动 |
| Shanxian | = | 陕县 |
| shendu | = | 慎独 |
| Shen Xia | = | 沈霞 |
| Taihang | = | 太行 |
| Wan Haifeng | = | 万海峰 |
| Wang Enmao | = | 王恩茂 |
| Wang Lin | = | 王林 |
| Wang Zifeng | = | 王紫峰 |
| Xiao Yi | = | 萧逸 |
| Yan’an | = | 延安 |
| Yingxian | = | 应县 |
| Zhang Nansheng | = | 张南生 |
| Zhang Zizhen | = | 张子珍 |
| Zhao Zheng | = | 赵政 |
| Zhengfeng yundong | = | 整风运动 |
Notes
1 Zhu Hongzhao’s Yanhe bian de wenrenmen and Yan’an richang shenghuo zhong de lishi and Pei Yiran’s Hongse shenghuoshi discuss this in detail.
2 Ma Qianli, Zhengrong suiyue, entry for May 6, 1941, 356.
3 Liu Rong (1919–1978) was born in Shanxian County, Henan Province. He joined the Red Army in 1937 and the CCP in 1938. During the War of Resistance, he served as a brigade instructor and a company instructor.
4 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Aug. 1, 1944, 190.
5 Zhang Nansheng (1905–1989) was born in Liancheng, Fujian Province. He joined the Red Army and the CCP in 1930. During the War of Resistance, he served as vice minister and minister of the political and organizational departments of the 129th Division.
6 Zhang Nansheng, Zhang Nansheng riji, entry for Jan. 29, 1942, 281.
7 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Apr. 18, 1944, 143–144.
8 Dou Shangchu, “Xuexi xuexi chubu zongjie,” 233.
9 Ibid., 234.
10 Zhang Zizhen (1918–1967) was born in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province. He joined the CCP in 1937. During the War of Resistance, he served as the instructor of the Shanxi First Column Company and the general secretary of the Fifty-Seventh Regiment.
11 Zhang Zizhen, Shenghuo riji, entry for July 24, 1944, 75.
12 Wang Lin (1909–1984) was born in Hengshui, Hebei Province. He joined the CCP in 1931 and participated in the December 9th Movement in 1935. In 1937, he participated in the War of Resistance and served as vice chairman of the Chinese Construction Association of Hebei Province.
13 Wang Lin, Kangzhan riji, 82.
14 “Zhonggong Jin-Cha-Ji yifenqu diwei,” 10.
15 Wang Lin, Kangzhan riji, 205–206.
16 Ibid., 206.
17 Liu Yanjin (1925–2012) was born in Beijing. She went to the base area in central Hebei and joined the Firing Line Theatrical Troupe in the Central Hebei Military Region in 1938. She married Wang Lin in 1946.
18 Liu Yanjin, Huoxian jushe nübing riji, entry for July 25, 1946, 250.
19 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Jan. 3, 1944, 93–94.
20 Ibid., 94.
21 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Mar. 27, 1944, 133.
22 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Aug. 24, 1944, 199.
23 Wang Zifeng, Zhanzheng niandai riji, entry for June 2, 1945, 162.
24 Wang Zifeng, Zhanzheng niandai riji, entry for June 10, 1945, 163.
25 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Aug. 24, 1944, 199.
26 Fan Yuanzhen (1921–2008) joined the CCP in 1937. She studied at Yan’an College of Marxism and Leninism in 1940. She was a researcher in the Central Political Research Office in 1941. She married Li Rui in 1939. In the course of later political ups and downs, they divorced, remarried, and divorced again.
27 Fan Yuanzhen, “Fan Yuanzhen xin, Yijiusiling nian qi yue ershier ri,” 250.
28 Part of the Rectification Movement in Yan’an which began in June 1942, the Campaign to Save Delinquents began at the end of 1943 and ended in April 1944. It was initiated by Kang Sheng. By examining cadres’ dossiers, individuals with a counterrevolutionary history were identified. The use of torture to extort confessions resulted in many misjudged cases.
29 Fan Yuanzhan, “Fan Yuanzhen riji, Yijiusier nian shier yue ershiyi ri,” 391.
30 Guo Benmin and Yuan Yufeng, Huiwang xiaoyan, 170–173.
31 Wang Enmao, Wang Enmao riji, entry for Nov. 1, 1939, 35–36.
32 Shen Xia was the daughter of the renowed writer Mao Dun. She arrived in Yan’an in 1940 and joined the CCP in 1942. She married Xiao Yi in 1944 and died of infection caused by an abortion in 1945.
33 Shen Xia, Yan’an si nian, entry for Jan. 24, 1944, 145.
34 Shen Xia, Yan’an si nian, entry for Apr. 12, 1943, 91.
35 Gao Lu (1912–1989) was born in Longchang, Sichuan Province. When the War of Resistance broke out, he joined the Eighth Route Army in the base area and once held the post of president of the Taihang Poetry Society.
36 Gao Lu, Gaolu riji, entry for Aug. 27, 1939, 25.
37 Gao Lu, Gao Lu riji, entry for Oct. 5, 1942, 337.
38 Gao Lu, Gao Lu riji, entry for Apr. 29, 1942, 221.
39 “Shuidong dulituan yijiusisan nian gongzuo,” 215.
40 Li Kejin and Li Weimin, Jing Xiaocun riji, 677 and 659.
41 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Mar. 27, 1944, 133.
42 Liu Yanjin, Huoxian jushe nübing riji, entry for Aug. 26, 1944, 116.
43 Liu Yanjin, Huoxian jushe nübing riji, entry for June 18, 1943, 78–79.
44 Ling Feng (1917–1999), also named Ling Zifeng, was born in Beijing. He arrived in Yan’an in 1938 and once held the post of vice president of the Firing Line Theatrical Troupe.
45 Liu Yanjin, Huoxian jushe nübing riji, entry for Mar. 13, 1944, 96.
46 Bin, “Jiaqiang sixiang lingdao de jingyan,” 12.
47 Gao Lu, Gao Lu riji, entry for Mar. 5, 1942, 192.
48 Zhang Zizhen, Shenghuo riji, entry for June 7, 1944, 49.
49 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Dec. 19, 1941, 22.
50 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for July 29, 1944, 188–189.
51 Shen Xia, Yan’an si nian, Nov. 27, 1943, 137.
52 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for July 31, 1944, 189–190.
53 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Aug. 1, 1944, 190.
54 Zhang Zizhen, Shenghuo riji, entry for Jan. 31, 1944, 27.
55 Zhang Zizhen, Shenghuo riji, entry for Feb. 15, 1944, 29.
56 Zhang Zizhen, Shenghuo riji, entry for May 7, 1944, 38.
57 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for May 27, 1944, 157.
58 Ibid.
59 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for Mar. 12, 1944, 119.
60 Liu Rong, Fenghuo Jin-Cha-Ji, entry for July 9, 1945, 283.
61 Ibid.
62 Liu Yanjin, Huoxian jushe nübing riji, entry for Mar. 22, 1944, 99.
63 Liu Shaoqi, “Lun gongchandangyuan de xiuyang,” 135.
64 “Cong zhengfeng laikan ganbu sixiang,” 703.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Daoxuan HUANG
HUANG Daoxuan is a researcher in the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His major research interests include the history of the Republic of China and the history of the Chinese Communist Party. He is the author of Zhangli yu xianjie: Zhongyang suqu de geming, 1933–1934 (Expansion and Limits: The Revolution in the Central Soviet Region, 1933–1934) (Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2011).