Unlocking design potential: Design with people diagnosed with schizophrenia

ABSTRACT

With the expansion of e-health systems to more diverse and heterogeneous contexts and user groups, it is increasingly important to include users in design. Designers recognize the benefits of user participation, but including users with lowered cognitive and social abilities can be difficult. This paper intends to answer how these users can participate in the design of e-health systems. We conducted a case study with stakeholder interviews and design workshops with users diagnosed with schizophrenia to identify and overcome the challenges for participation. From the stakeholder interviews, we identified challenges relating to social interaction, technical experience, cognitive ability, and loss of individuality. We designed workshops that addressed these challenges and identify five strategies for unlocking the design potential of the participants: (1) work together with concrete materials and examples; (2) maintain a positive focus; (3) accept all ideas; (4) maintain and require realism; and (5) use previous interaction. We conclude that, when supported appropriately, it is possible to involve people diagnosed with schizophrenia. We also highlight the difficulty for someone not self-experienced to understand contexts as challenging and sensitive as this, and thus the value of user participation.

KEYWORDS:

• Case study
• design
• participation
• schizophrenia
• strategy

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the users who participated in the workshops and the interviewed stakeholders for their time, effort, and opinions.

Notes

1. In this paper, the term “user” will be used to imply an end user of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and not a user of a health service (i.e. a patient), unless otherwise stated.