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Original Articles

The revolutions of the Arab Spring: are democracy, development and modernity at the gates?

Pages 127-147 | Published online: 21 Apr 2011
 

Abstract

The paper places in historical perspective the current Arab uprisings. It argues that the reasons behind them lie in the comprehensive political, social, economic and educational failures of the Arab regimes. It documents these failures statistically and analytically. It goes on to provides analysis of the current developments in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Syria, Yemen and the rest of the affected states. It concludes by drawing up the implications on the Arab future of these uprisings.

Notes

1. See for an extended discussion, see Sakbani (Citation2007).

2. Mohammad Hasanain Haykal, the well‐known Egyptian collaborator, journalist and adviser of President Nasser, reported on these differences in his Al Jazeera program, ‘With Haykal’, in Citation2010 (Haykal Citation2010).

3. For a detailed discussion of this cohabitation, see Sakbani (Citation2007, pp. 8–14).

4. World Bank, World development report, various issues, especially 2008 and 2009.

5. Wikileaks, second set of papers.

6. Syria forwarded its candidacy for joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) some time ago. The WTO decided in 2010 to take up the matter. It will be imperative to liberalize the economy and decrease state‐sector domination if this candidacy is to go anywhere.

7. The author believes this to be an underestimation in view of the unemployment and income distribution figures as well as the demographic growth.

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