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Articles

Making space for models: (re)presenting engineering in Scotland’s national museum, 1854–present

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Abstract

The model-making practices and the role of engineering models on display within a British (and since 1999 Scottish) Government-funded, ‘national’, museum are examined. The changing curatorial perceptions of models and their role over the 160-year history of the Museum are analysed, as are the spaces in which, and the processes by which, objects were translated and re-scaled into model form. Particular attention is focused on the Museum’s claims to ‘authenticity’, ‘authority’, ‘credibility’ and ‘realism’ in relation to models.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the staff of the Library of National Museums Scotland for providing access to documents in the Museum’s archive (Archon code GB587) and to the staff of the Museum’s Directorate for providing copies of archival documents in their care. We are grateful also to our colleague Louise Innes for generously sharing her knowledge of the history of the Museum’s workshops and workshop practice and to Alexander Hayward for commenting on an early draft of the paper. GNS is grateful to Charles Withers for his encouragement to think geographically.

Notes

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2. J. A. Secord, ‘Knowledge in transit’, Isis, 95 (2004), 654–672.

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41. G. Hangay and M. Dingley Biological Museum Methods, vol. 1(Orlando FL and Sydney, Academic Press, 1985); G. N. Swinney, ‘An afterword on afterlife’, pp. 219–233, in S. J. M. M. Alberti, ed, The Afterlives of Animals: A Museum Menagerie (Charlottesville VA and London: University of Virginia Press, 2011); R. Wagstaffe and J. H. Fidler, The Preservation of Natural History Specimens, vol. 2 (London: H. F and G. Witherby, 1968).

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53. ‘Book of costs’, National Museums Scotland archive, GB587, ID No. 165480.

54. Hutchieson to Bailey, 2 March 1949, National Museums Scotland archives, GB587, Directors’ Papers, box 1.10, file B.

55. ‘Children at the museum: youthful visitors’ response to demonstrator’, The [Edinburgh] Evening Dispatch, 10 March 1937, 12.

56. Interview quoted in G. N. Swinney, ‘Towards an historical geography of a “national” museum: the Industrial Museum of Scotland, the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art and the Royal Scottish Museum, 1854–c.1939’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013, p. 335.

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58. ‘No.11 Industrial Museum Edinburgh, plan of basement floor’, signed Robert Matheson, 1869, National Museums Scotland archives, GB587/IS. 2010.10.

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60. Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art: Dimensions of Museum (Edinburgh: Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, 1897).

61. Annual Report for 1888.

62. Report for the Year 1905 by the Director, James J. Dobbie, Esq., D.Sc., F.R.S., on the Royal Scottish Museum (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1906).

63. T. C. Martin, Report for the Year 1912–13 by the Director, Sir Thomas Carlaw Martin, LL.D., F.R.S.E. on the Royal Scottish Museum (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1913), p. 6.

64. Annotations made c.1916 to ‘Director’s copy’ of ‘General instructions’ [c.1912, unpaginated], National Museums Scotland archives, GB587.

65. T. C. Martin, Report for the Year 1914–15 by the Director, Sir Thomas Carlaw Martin, LL.D., F.R.S.E. on the Royal Scottish Museum (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1915), p. 2.

66. D. A. Allan, Report for the Year 1856 on the Royal Scottish Museum ([Edinburgh: Scottish Education Department, 1957]); Allan, D. A. Report for the Year 1957 on the Royal Scottish Museum ([Edinburgh: Scottish Education Department, 1958]).

67. Denholm to Rowatt, 19 July 1944 and 21 August 1944, National Museums Scotland archives GB587, Directors’ Papers, 1.8, file M; Kerr to Rowatt, 1 December 1944, National Museums Scotland archives, GB587, Directors’ Papers, 1.8, file R.

68. Allan to Hawkins, 15 November 1945 and 24 October 1947, National Museums Scotland archives, GB587, Directors’ Papers, box 1.8, files T and H.

69. J. D. Storer, ‘The Darien Building’, pp 1920 in N. Tebble and D. Heppell, eds, The Royal Scottish Museum Triennial Report 1980–1981–1982 (Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1983), p. 19.

70. J. D. Storer, Department of Technology, pp. 3747 in S. Brock and A. Harley, eds, The Royal Scottish Museum Final Report 1983–84–85 (Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1986), p. 40.

71. Storer, 1986, pp. 40 and 42.

72. ‘National Museums of Scotland Financial Plan 1990-94’, para 5.37, National Museums Scotland archives, GB587.

73. ‘Investment Appraisal on the Provision of Accommodation to Replace Facilities at Granton and Newbattle, July 1990 [revised December 1991]’, paras 2.2 and 3.5. National Museums Scotland, MS86/7.7; see also ‘Financial Plan’.

74. ‘Investment Appraisal’, Annex G.

75. R. G. W. Anderson, ‘National Museums of Scotland, October 1985 to April 1987’, pp. 717, in J. Calder and A. Fenton, eds, National Museums of Scotland First Report, October 1985–March 1987 (Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland, 1988).

76. de Chadarevian and Hopwood, 2004; Baker, 2007; G. N. Swinney, ‘Enchanted invertebrates: Blaschka models and other simulacra in National Museums Scotland’, Historical Biology 20.1 (2008), 3950; S. Valeriani, ‘Three-dimensional models a “in-between objects” – the creation of in-between objects in early modern architectural practice’, pp. 26-46, in I. Inkster, ed., History of Technology 31 (2012).

77. E. Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Garden City NY: Doubleday, 1959); D. MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (Berkley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1999).

78. ‘According to Plan’, BBC Television, 15 January 1957 <http://genome,ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1957> [accessed 15 July 2015].

79. Archer to Messrs W. Denny & Brothers, 8 Sept 1884, National Museums Scotland archives, GB587, Directors’ correspondence – general, 18811887, p. 140.

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82. de Chadarevian and Hopwood.

83. D. Cox and E. Davidson, ‘A model project: the return of the Corliss at the National Museum of Scotland’, Newcomen Links, 232 (December 2014), 89; see also ‘Discover the Museum new galleries’ National Museums Scotland website, <http://www.ac.uk/national-museum-of-scotland/new galleries> [accessed 21 January 2014]; A. Hayward, 2014.

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