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Abstract
The current review is an attempt to cover various pre-treatment strategies such as physical, chemical, organosolve and biological pre-treatment in order to change the crystallinity of lignocellulosic biomass along with methods and strategies for inhibitor detoxification for improving the cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. The presence of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass is the biggest hurdle and therefore a judicial pre-treatment selection technique is important, based on lignocellulosic mass composition analysis for improving overall saccharification. The production of inhibitors during pre-treatment is another cause of low saccharification owing to deactivation of cellulase enzyme. In this review a comprehensive discussion has been made of the impact of various pre-treatment strategies on overall hydrolysis and saccharification in view of the varied composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Various detoxification approaches have also been discussed, along with the economical bioprocessing issue, and their advantages and disadvantages. Bio refinery approaches have been important in this regard to make bioethanol production more economical.