Effects of stocking density and environmental conditions on performance, immunity, carcase characteristics, blood constitutes, and economical parameters of cobb 500 strain broiler chickens

Abstract

The effects of stocking density and environmental conditions on performance, economic profit, carcase characteristics, immunity, and blood plasma parameters of Cobb 500 strain of broiler chickens were evaluated. The 4 climate regions (mild and humid, semi-arid, alpine, hot and dry) and 4 densities (10, 15, 17 and 20 chicks/m²) were carried out as a completely randomised design with 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. The corn and soybean based diets were formulated according to the nutrition requirements guide of the Cobb 500 for starter and grower periods. The amount and the composition of the diet were the same for all experimental groups. Growth performance and feed intake were measured weekly. After the injection of sheep red blood cell at 15 and 35 days, blood samples were taken at 24 and 42 days, respectively, to study the immunity of broiler chickens. At the end of the experiment, 3 birds were slaughtered from each experimental unit for measuring the weights of carcase, abdominal fat, gastrointestinal organs (the total weight of gastrointestinal tract and caeca, and liver) and blood parameters. The interaction effects of stocking density and climate region on feed conversion ratio (in starter period), survival rate, cost, profit, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL/low density lipoproteins (LDL) ratio, and liver enzymes aspartate aminotranferases (AST), also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alanine aminotranferase (ALT) were significant (p < .05). Climate and density each had a significant effect on production index (p < .05). The highest production index was obtained in alpine climate. Moreover, the density of 10 chicks/m² showed the highest production index. The results showed that rearing Cobb strain chickens in hot and dry climate and at the density of 17 chicks/m² had the most economic benefit. Based on the results of this study to achieve the highest profit in different climates, a density of 17 chicks/m² (0.633 ft² per bird) is recommended for Cobb 500 strain chickens.

Highlights

• Nutritional efficiency changes by environmental factors such as climate and stocking density.

• Obtain sufficient information to combined effect of stocking density and climate on the performance of Cobb 500 broiler chickens.

• The most reached profit was in the dry climate at a density of 17 chicks/m² compared to other climates and densities.

Keywords:

• Antibody
• cholesterol
• climate
• economic
• environment

Acknowledgments

This manuscript is prepared based on PhD thesis of first author at Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. The authors are grateful to the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran for supports. The authors thank the staff of the poultry office in the Livestock Department of Jihade-Agriculture Ministry; Cobb Vantress, Parastou Ghaem, Golestan Toyour; Peygir companies; the National Union of Poultry Farms, Iran for collaborating in conducting this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).