Correlates of Physical Activity Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) tend not to regularly exercise. It is important to identify correlates associated with physical activity (PA) in this population to promote positive behavior change. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review to identify the biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors associated with PA behavior among adults with T2DM. Methods: Research articles were selected meeting the following criteria: adults ( ≥ 18 years) with T2DM, PA as the dependent variable, and identified correlates of PA. Results: Eighteen articles were identified as evaluating the association between physical activity and psychosocial, biological, and/or environmental factors. A majority of the studies were cross-sectional, 2 were qualitative, and 3 were prospective. Consistently correlated biological factors included body mass index (BMI), age, gender, and disease status. Psychosocial factors included self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and perceived behavioral control. Environmental factors included social support, availability of facilities, and weather. Discussion: Though the research is incomplete, a set of correlates of PA has emerged among adults with T2DM that can be used to direct future research and be incorporated in health promotion programs. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health Educators can use these correlates to design programs that target modifiable factors to positively promote PA adoption and maintenance.