Prevalence of toxigenic Penicillium species associated with poultry house in Telangana, India

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of mycotoxigenic Penicillium species in poultry houses of Telangana, India, was studied during 4 seasons between June 2009 and May 2010. Fungi belonging to 13 genera, including Penicillium, comprising 43 species were collected using petri plates. Fourteen Penicillium species demonstrated varying degrees of mycotoxigenicity. Chemical and chromatographic analysis of the different poultry feed samples revealed 8 different mycotoxins with ochratoxin A (OTA) predominating. The mean contamination rate of OTA was 38%. OTA quantities ranged between 5.78 and 6.73 µg/kg⁻¹, 10.13 and 14.23 µg/kg⁻¹, and 12.33 and 15.20 µg/kg⁻¹ in starter, broiler, and layer feeds, respectively. Statistically significant positive correlation between prevalence of Penicillium species and the monsoon, autumn, and spring seasons and negative correlation between prevalence and the autumn, spring, and summer seasons were observed. These findings may serve as risk exposure indicators and contribute toward the initiation of a sustainable control program.

KEYWORDS:

• Aeromycoflora
• chemotypes
• diversity
• fungi
• HPLC
• mycotoxin
• OTA
• Penicillium
• poultry house
• prevalence
• seasonal variation
• Telangana
• TLC

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. M. Venkataramana, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL, DRDO), Mysore, Karnataka, India, for his valuable suggestion.

Funding

This research has been supported by University Grants Commission (India) and the Head Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University.