ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many thanks to my former students, Shannon Lloyd (University of Maryland-Baltimore County), Aidan Underhill, and Daniela Harton (George Washington University) for the use of information from their projects in this paper.
ORCID
Michael R. Ratcliffe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2458-4675
Additional information
Notes on contributors
![](/cms/asset/9afe3434-c53e-47a1-943f-0c859f43c86f/rget_a_1611616_ilg0001_b.jpg)
Michael R. Ratcliffe
Michael R. Ratcliffe is Assistant Division Chief for Geographic Standards, Criteria, Research, and Quality in the Census Bureau's Geography Division, where he is responsible for geographic area concepts and criteria, analysis of housing unit coverage, address and geospatial data quality, and research activities.