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ABSTRACT
Gentamicin in overdose can lead to tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. Some antioxidants can protect kidneys against nephrotoxicity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Pistacia atlantica (P. atlantica) leaf hydroethanolic extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty rats were divided into five groups: the first group received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline. The second group received gentamicin (120 mg/kg, i.p.). The third, fourth, and fifth groups were orally treated with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract, respectively, and they also received gentamicin (120 mg/kg, i.p.). After seven days, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine (Cr), urea, uric acid, lipids profile, protein carbonyl (PC), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Also, a piece of kidney was used to determine catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, vitamin C, the gene expression of TNF-α, and for subsequent histopathological studies. Treatment with P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in CAT, SOD, vitamin C, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the levels of Cr, urea, uric acid, MDA, PC, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α protein, and the gene expression of TNF-α compared with the untreated group. Histopathological studies show that in lymphocyte infiltration, remarkable reduction was observed in P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract-treated groups, compared with the untreated group. The present study suggests that P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract has protective effects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Acknowledgment
We would like to express our gratitude to all those who helped us in the Clinical Biochemistry Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.
About the authors
Esfandiar Heidarian received his PhD degree in clinical biochemistry in 2005 from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Currently, he is a professor at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. His research interests are focused on oxidative stress and antioxidants. He has been a member of several scientific and technical committees.
Effat Jafari-Dehkordi has a PhD in traditional medicine. Her research interests include dietary supplements, and herbal and alternative medicine.
Parisa Valipour has an MSc in biochemistry. Her research interests include oxidative stress and metabolism.
Keihan Ghatreh-Samani, PhD, is currently an associate professor at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. His research interests are focused on antioxidants and atherosclerosis.
Leila Ashrafi-Eshkaftaki, MD, is a physician. Her research interests include oxidative stress, internal medicine, and clinical trials.