Modulation of Advanced Glycation End Products, Sorbitol, and Aldose Reductase by Hydroalcohol Extract of Lagenaria siceraria Mol Standl in Diabetic Complications: An In Vitro Approach

ABSTRACT

Herbal medicines have become a core interest, and they are used widely. Lagenaria siceraria is known for its antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, antioxidant potential, and the present study was designed to explore the possible role of L. siceraria in attenuation of diabetic complications via in vitro modulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), sorbitol, and aldose reductase (ALR)—three major biomarkers of diabetic complications. To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet been carried out to explore L. siceraria to inhibit these biomarkers. Hydroalcohol extract of L. siceraria (LHA) was evaluated for its ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing-power assay. Antiglycation activity was carried out by bovine serum albumin (BSA) fluorescence method. Sorbitol accumulation was evaluated in red blood cells (RBCs) and ALR1 was obtained from kidney of rat to carry out the study. Quercetin was also quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with 14.3 mg per 100 g of LHA. LHA exhibited 854 mg/g gallic acid equivalent of phenol content and 104 mg/g quercetin equivalent of flavonoids and was found to be significantly active against the antioxidant assays evaluated. LHA has shown 80.12% inhibition of AGE formation. LHA was found to be effective against sorbitol accumulation and ALR1 inhibition with IC₅₀ 198.25 μg/ml and 6.24 μg/ml, respectively. These results reveal that LHA may exert beneficial effects against diabetic complications by its antioxidant and antiglycation potential.

KEYWORDS:

• AGEs
• ALR1
• diabetic complications
• L. siceraria
• sorbitol

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.

Funding

Financial assistance from INSPIRE Fellowship Scheme, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, Government of India, is highly acknowledged.

About the authors

Anu Kajal, M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), is currently a Ph.D Research scholar (JRF, INSPIRE Fellow) at Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Mullana, Ambala, India. Her research work focuses on diabetes and its complications, Molecular docking and QSAR studies.

Randhir Singh holds M.Pharm., Ph.D. degrees in Pharmacology. Currently, He is working as Professor in Department of Pharmacology in Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, M.M. University, Mullana, Ambala, India. His area of research is diabetes and diabetic complications, obesity and hypertension.