A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Study to Examine the Effects of Maritime Pine Extract on Exercise Performance and Postexercise Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Muscle Soreness, and Damage

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether 14 days of supplementation with maritime pine extract leading up to and following an exercise test would increase performance and reduce biomarkers associated with muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Twenty apparently healthy young male participants ingested either 800 mg pine bark extract or placebo for 14 days prior to the first exercise trial and for 2 days postexercise. On the exercise day, participants submitted a pre-exercise blood sample then completed a VO₂ peak test until volitional failure. A postexercise blood sample was collected 1 hour after completion of exercise. Participants returned at 24 and 48 hours after the exercise testing for measures of muscle pain in the lower body using an algometer. Participants then had a 7-day washout period before beginning to cross over to the alternate treatment. Analysis via ordinal regression demonstrated a significant difference in oxidative stress in the maritime pine extract group compared to placebo (ChiSq = 2.63; p = 0.045). Maritime pine extract was effective at affording protection from oxidative stress postexercise. Further work should be undertaken to evaluate the findings with other exercise modes or in participants with known metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:

• Maritime pine extract
• muscle damage
• oxidative stress

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.

Table 1. Muscle pain at 25% and 50% of the vastus lateralis and 25% of vastus medialis at 24 hours and 48 hours.

Table 2. Inflammatory multiplex panel.

Table 3. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and oxidative stress (MDA).

Funding

This research was funded by Horphag research grant number R4498.

About the authors

Randy L. Aldret, EdD, ATC, CSCS, Assistant Professor, School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA. Research interests: athletic performance, concussion diagnosis, diabetes management in athletics.

David Bellar, PhD, FNSCA, CSCS*D, RSCC*D, Professor and Director, School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA. Research interests: nutrition and human performance, nutrition and antioxidant status, athlete monitoring.