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Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect and quantify fumonisin B1 (FB1) in cereal mixtures marketed in Brazil. Fifteen samples from different lots were acquired each month by internet from supermarkets during seven months, adding up to 105 analysed samples. The unit sample constituted of an original package with a minimum of 250 g. Extraction and clean-up of samples for FB1 determination were carried out using immunoaffinity columns. Identification and quantification of FB1 were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Eighty-eight (83.8%) samples were contaminated with FB1 and four (3.8%) presented levels above 500 µg kg−1 (634, 703, 1269 and 1876 µg kg−1). Maximum FB1 + FB2 levels allowed by Brazilian regulations will reach 1500 µg kg−1 for corn flour in 2016 and 1000 µg kg−1 for others corn products. This study showed that even at levels below the legislative limits, human exposure to this toxin can occur constantly.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Marcelo Candido, Juliana C. Baldin, Sabrina R. de Almeida Queiroz, Silvia H.S. de Godoy and Flávia S. Munin for laboratorial support.
Funding
The authors thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support [grant number 2011/07891-2].