Highlighting the present state of biomechanics in shoe research (2000–2023)

Abstract

Footwear science research has seen a roughly 10-fold increase in publications over the last 20 years. This commentary will focus on the three primary research themes of this time frame: methodological developments, running-related injuries, and performance. Within each theme, we summarise the knowledge generated through the substantial increase in publications over the last couple of decades. The methodological developments highlight both improvements in data analysis techniques as well as changes in how we measure variables of interest. Running-related injury prediction paradigms have evolved significantly during these years, which affect how we recommend moving forward in the field. Substantial excitement has filled the performance research field, as we discuss how the advent of Advanced Footwear Technologies altered the research questions and approaches. The undeniable growth in the field over in recent years can be attributed to a strong foundation of knowledge, nurtured by a curiosity to obtain understanding through holistic approaches. The community has embarked on the next stage of the journey, armed with new data collection tools and analytical methodologies, with the objective to better understand the effect of novel footwear design on performance enhancement and injury prevention.

Keywords:

• footwear
• performance
• running
• methodological changes
• running-related injuries
• running shoe
• biomechanics

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Please note that the list of cited references is by no means exhaustive. Instead, we aimed to summarize supporting/contradicting findings from available studies with the highest level of evidence and preferably investigating the modification of single footwear features in isolation.