Estimated dietary intake of nitrite and nitrate in Swedish children

Abstract

This study examines the intake of nitrate and nitrite in Swedish children. Daily intake estimates were based on a nationwide food consumption survey (4-day food diary) and nitrite/nitrate content in various foodstuffs. The mean intake of nitrite from cured meat among 2259 children studied was 0.013, 0.010 and 0.007 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ in age groups 4, 8–9 and 11–12 years, respectively. Among these age groups, three individuals (0.1% of the studied children) exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg nitrite kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹. The mean intake of nitrate from vegetables, fruit, cured meat and water was 0.84, 0.68 and 0.45 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ for children aged 4, 8–9 and 11–12 years, respectively. No individual exceeded the ADI of 3.7 mg nitrate kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹. However, when the total nitrite intake was estimated, including an estimated 5% endogenous conversion of nitrate to nitrite, approximately 12% of the 4-year-old children exceeded the nitrite ADI. Thus, the intake of nitrite in Swedish children may be a concern for young age groups when endogenous nitrite conversion is included in the intake estimates.

Keywords:

• exposure assessment
• nitrate
• nitrite
• meat
• drinking water
• vegetables