Efficacy of detoxification of deoxynivalenol-contaminated corn by Bacillus sp. LS100 in reducing the adverse effects of the mycotoxin on swine growth performance

Abstract

Biodetoxification of mycotoxins is a novel strategy to control mycotoxicoses in animals. Bacillus sp. LS100, which transforms deoxynivalenol (DON) to a less toxic chemical de-epoxy DON (DOM-1), was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the adverse effects of DON on swine growth performance. A feeding trial was conducted in growing pigs with four treatments: (1) corn meal without detectable DON served as control (Non-toxic Corn); (2) Fusarium-infected corn giving a toxic diet containing 5 µg DON g⁻¹ (Toxic Corn); (3) Toxic Corn detoxified with Bacillus sp. LS100 giving a detoxified diet containing 5 µg DOM-1 g⁻¹ (LS100-De-toxic Corn); (4) Non-toxic Corn treated with Bacillus sp. LS100 serving as bacterial control (LS100-Non-toxic Corn). During 9 days of exposure to the treatments, pigs on Toxic Corn showed a significant reduction in daily feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed efficiency by 29, 48 and 29%, respectively, compared to pigs on Non-toxic Corn. These parameters of the pigs fed LS100-De-toxic Corn diet were 45, 82 and 32% greater, respectively, than those of pigs fed Toxic Corn diet, and were similar to those pigs fed Non-toxic Corn and LS100-Non-toxic Corn diets. There were no significant differences between the treatments of LS100-Non-toxic Corn and Non-toxic Corn diets, implying that the bacterial isolate might not have significantly affected nutrition and palatability of the feed or had negative effects on the pig's feeding performance. The results have proved that microbial detoxification of DON in contaminated feed can eliminate negative effects of the mycotoxin, and the pre-feeding detoxification approach may be applied in the livestock industry.

Keywords:

• toxicology
• animal study
• mycotoxins
• animal feed

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Juliana Guimarae for technical assistance, Dr. Lana M. Reid from the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, AAFC for providing mouldy corn, and Honghui Zhu of the Guelph Food Research Centre for LC–MS analyses. This work was supported by Ontario Pork, Canada (Project No. 02/22) and by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada through Matching Investment Initiatives and A-base funds.