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Original Articles

Mass spectrometric analysis of muscle samples to detect potential antibiotic growth promoter misuse in broiler chickens

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Pages 1413-1424 | Received 16 Jan 2012, Accepted 25 May 2012, Published online: 12 Jul 2012
 

Abstract

Mass spectrometric methods were developed and validated for the analysis in chicken muscle of a range of antibiotic growth promoters: spiramycin, tylosin, virginiamycin and bacitracin, and separately for two marker metabolites of carbadox (quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and 1,4-bisdesoxycarbadox), and a marker metabolite of olaquindox (3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid). The use of these compounds as antibiotic growth promoters has been banned by the European Commission. This study aimed to develop methods to detect their residues in muscle samples as a means of checking for the use of these drugs during the rearing of broiler chickens. When fed growth-promoting doses for 6 days, spiramycin (31.4 µg kg−1), tylosin (1.0 µg kg−1), QCA (6.5 µg kg−1), DCBX (71.2 µg kg−1) and MQCA (0.2 µg kg−1) could be detected in the muscle 0 days after the withdrawal of fortified feed. Only spiramycin could consistently be detected beyond a withdrawal period of 1 day. All analytes showed stability to a commercial cooking process, therefore raw or cooked muscle could be used for monitoring purposes.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Invest Northern Ireland for funding this study under the START Programme, contract ST268.

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