Fatty acid esters of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) and glycidol in refined edible oils

Abstract

Recently, fatty acid esters of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) and that of glycidol have been reported in refined edible oils. Since then a wealth of research has been published on the factors influencing the formation of these contaminants in foods. It can be noted that the predominant precursors in a given matrix will not necessarily be the same as in other matrices. Further, proven relationships in the past between precursors responsible for free MCPD or free glycidol formation will not necessarily be valid for their fatty acid-esterified counterparts. This review attempts to summarise the current status of the literature as it pertains to the reasons surrounding the manifestation of MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in oils and fats. Recent efforts to mitigate the levels of these contaminants were highlighted and put into the context of their respective reaction matrices. As more accurate occurrence data for MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in other foods are collected, more targeted mitigation experiments can be formulated with respect to the reaction matrices under investigation.

Keywords:

• monochloropropanediol (MCPD)
• 3-MCPD
• 2-MCPD
• MCPD esters
• glycidol
• glycidyl esters
• edible oils
• mitigation

Acknowledgements

This work was commissioned by the Process-related Compounds & Natural Toxins Task Force and Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food Task Force of the European branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI Europe). Industry members of the task forces are Ajinomoto Europe, Bunge Europe, Cargill, Danone, DSM, Kikkoman Foods Europe, Kraft Foods Europe, Luigi Lavazza, Mars, Nestlé, PepsiCo International, Premier Foods, Procter & Gamble, Soremartec Italia – Ferrero Group and Unilever. This review was coordinated by Dr Alessandro Chiodini and Dr Pratima Rao Jasti, Scientific Project Managers at ILSI Europe. The opinions expressed herein and the conclusions of this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ILSI Europe nor those of its member companies.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.