Development of a multi-toxin method for investigating the carryover of zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and their metabolites into milk of dairy cows

Abstract

A dose–response study was carried out to examine the carryover of zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their metabolites into bovine milk. Therefore, a feeding trial with 30 dairy cows fed with three different levels of Fusarium (FUS) toxin-contaminated maize was performed. A control group (0.02 mg ZEN kg^–1 dry matter (DM) and 0.07 DON kg^–1 DM) was compared with two groups fed contaminated diets. The first diet contained 0.33 mg ZEN kg^–1 DM and 2.62 mg DON kg^–1 DM (group FUS-50) and the second diet contained 0.66 mg ZEN kg^–1 DM and 5.24 mg DON kg^–1 DM (group FUS-100). For milk sample analysis, a new cost-efficient sample preparation method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ZEN, DON and their metabolites. The method comprised the separation of the milk fat followed by an SPE clean-up on Oasis HLB and a LC-MS/MS measurement. The less toxic metabolite de-epoxy-DON had the highest detected concentration (5.6 ng ml^–1 milk) in the milk samples obtained from the feeding trial. Additionally, ZEN (up to 0.29 ng ml^–1), α-zearalenol (up to 0.17 ng ml^–1), β-zearalenol (up to 0.95 ng ml^–1) and DON (up to 2.5 ng ml^–1) were detected in these samples. The milk toxin concentrations of cows fed the control diet were significantly lower compared with cows fed the contaminated diet. The calculated carryover rates ranged between 0 and 0.0075 for ZEN and metabolites and between 0 and 0.0017 for DON independent of exposure. It can be concluded that dietary toxin concentrations in the feed below or close to the current guidance values do not pose a risk for consumers due to negligible carryover rates.

Keywords:

• dairy cow
• milk
• mycotoxins
• Fusarium
• solid-phase extraction