Dioxins and PCBs in ostrich meat and eggs: levels and implications

ABSTRACT

Although consumption of eggs is an essential part of our diet, limited information is available for table eggs other than those laid by hens. The aim of our study was to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like (DL-) and non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ostrich eggs and meat available on the Polish market, in order to obtain baseline information on the current status of these pollutants in comparison to poultry products. Obtained data were compared with the binding EU limits set for chicken eggs and meat. The levels of individual PCDD/Fs and PCBs congeners varied considerably. The percentage share of total WHO toxic equivalency factor (WHO-TEQ) content indicates the dominant role of PCDD/Fs. High concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCBs, in the range of 0.85–74.48 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹ fat, were found in ostrich eggs; this exceeds the maximum level permitted for chicken eggs by a factor of up to 15. Eight of the 11 egg samples exceeded the action level for hen eggs. Although the ostrich meat concentrations of PCDD/Fs do not exceed the limit established for poultry muscle (1.75 pg g⁻¹ fat), average contents of PCDD/Fs exceeded almost four times the levels in chicken and turkey muscle. Human exposure was evaluated and the resulting risk was characterised. Taking into account the low average consumption of ostrich eggs, the resulting exposure to dioxins for the general population can be considered as negligibly low. However, the individuals who frequently consume such eggs may be at risk of elevated exposure. Although ostrich products are not consumed frequently, such data are nevertheless useful for food safety purposes.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Ostrich
• eggs
• meat
• contamination
• dioxins
• PCBs
• exposure

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the help of the Polish General Veterinary Inspectorate in obtaining study samples. Skilful sample preparation by the technical staff of the Department of Radiobiology of the National Veterinary Research Institute is also gratefully acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Highlights

• High concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were found in the ostrich eggs

• PCDD/Fs play dominant role in the contamination

• Human exposure via contaminated ostrich eggs consumption was estimated

• PCDD/Fs in ostrich meat were below permitted poultry level in muscles

Additional information

Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy (project S/159, 2016), and was carried out as part of the current scientific activities of the institute.