Evaluation of the TLC quantification method and occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat flour of southern Brazil

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction method for use with a TLC quantification procedure for deoxynivalenol (DON). It also surveyed DON occurrence in wheat flour from the southern region of Brazil. Forty-eight wheat flour samples were analysed, divided into 2 different harvest lots, each consisting of 24 different brands. The detection and quantification limits of the method were 30 and 100 ng of DON on the TLC plate. The various concentrations of DON presented high linearity (R² = 0.99). A negative matrix effect (−28%) of the wheat flour was verified, with suppression of the chromatographic signal of DON, and 80.2–105.4% recovery. The TLC method was reliable for DON evaluation, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. High-performance liquid chromatography of lot 2 samples confirmed the presence of DON in all samples identified DON-positive by the TLC technique. Of the 48 wheat flour samples in lots 1 and 2 analysed by TLC, 33.3 and 45.8% of the samples respectively were above the Brazilian legislation limit. Correlations were observed between the water activity and DON content, and between the fungal count and moisture content of the wheat flours.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Wheat
• deoxynivalenol
• thin-layer chromatography
• mycotoxin

Acknowledgment

The authors thank the CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS, IFFarroupilha, FURG and URI Erechim for analytical equipment use and financial support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.