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Articles

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets for HPLC determination of three strobilurin fungicides in cereals

, , , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 1279-1288 | Received 15 Feb 2020, Accepted 11 Apr 2020, Published online: 21 May 2020
 

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of floating organic droplets, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (DLLME-SFOD-HPLC), was developed for the detection of strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) in cereals. Natural fatty acids were used as an extractant and have low toxicity, density, and freezing point. The extractant nonanoic acid was evenly dispersed as droplets in sample solution and was then solidified in the upper layer of sample solution after centrifugation and ice bath, which improved the extraction and collection efficiency. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was optimised by univariate analysis and the Box-Behnken response surface methodology. Optimum conditions were as follows: the volume of nonanoic acid was 82 μL, the volume of acetonitrile was 620 μL, and the amount of salt was 256 mg. Under optimised conditions, the method had good linearity with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.997, and the limit of detection was 2.57–4.87 μg kg−1. The recoveries of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin in rice, corn, and wheat were 82.0%-93.2%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.6%-7.4%. Therefore, the method was successfully applied to detect target fungicides in cereals.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Shanxi Agricultural University Science and Technology Innovation Fund [grant numbers 2017YJ35 and zdpy201709]; and the Shanxi Province Key R&D Plan [grant numbers 201903D211006 and 201703D211001-06].

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