LC-MS/MS analysis of BADGE, NOGEs, and their derivatives migrated from food and beverage metal cans

ABSTRACT

A simple and novel method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine the levels of 10 compounds (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), novolac-glycidyl ethers (NOGEs), and their related compounds) migrated from food and beverage cans into food simulants. Method validation showed acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. The detection limits ranged from 0.28 to 14.8 μg L⁻¹, and the quantification limits ranged from 0.94 to 49.3 μg L⁻¹. Water, 4% acetic acid, 50% ethanol, and n-heptane were employed as food simulants for the migration tests, and the developed LC-MS/MS method was applied to 104 epoxy-coated beverage and food metal cans. Only BADGE∙2H₂O and BADGE were detected; the levels were below the specific migration limit. Based on the obtained migration results, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of BADGE∙2H₂O and BADGE were calculated. Exposure assessments were conducted to compare the EDI with the tolerable daily intake (TDI), with a relatively low percentage of the TDI being reported. NOGE and its related compounds were not detected in the monitored cans. Long-term storage tests were also conducted at 60°C over 30 days. Only BADGE∙2H₂O was detected in all food simulants, except for n-heptane, and the maximum amount detected was 114.6 μg L⁻¹ in 50% ethanol.

KEYWORDS:

• BADGE
• BFDGE
• NOGE
• food contact material
• epoxy-coated

Disclosure statement

No potential conflicts of interest are reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety under grant [19161MFDS007]; National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation [19161MFDS007].