Quantitative selenium speciation in feed by enzymatic probe sonication and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

ABSTRACT

A rapid, sensitive and species preservative analytical method for the simultaneous determination of six selenium (Se) species has been developed. Enzymatic probe sonication (EPS) was investigated as a novel and alternative technology for the extraction of Se species from feed matrices and the results were compared with the conventional hot water extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and sequential extraction. The critical parameters of EPS such as enzyme types, extraction time, temperature, ultrasonic power and sample/enzyme ratio were varied with control. The Se species were separated and quantitatively determined by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). Under current optimised conditions, six inorganic and organic Se species were completely separated within 15 min in a single chromatographic run. The spectral interferences from the argon plasma ⁴⁰Ar₂, ⁴⁰Ar³⁷Cl or ¹H⁷⁹Br were effectively removed by employing the kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode. Quantitative extraction for total Se (>94.8%) and more than 89.0% for the sum of different Se chemical forms without species transformation were obtained in only 60 s by applying the EPS treatment using aqueous protease XIV. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for Se species were in the ranges of 0.21–0.56 µg kg^–1 and 0.69–1.87 µg kg^–1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the speciation of Se in several reference materials and feed samples collected from the markets and local farms.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Selenium speciation
• feed
• enzymatic probe sonication
• ion chromatography
• inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Thermo Scientific USA for the instrumentation and technical assistances.

Declaration of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Supplementary material

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Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31502116), the Key Program of Special Science and Technology Plan of Selenium-enriched Industry Research Institute of China (No. 2018FXZX02-16), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFF0201105).