Chronopotentiometric study of ceramic cation-exchange membranes based on zirconium phosphate in contact with nickel sulfate solutions

Abstract

In this article, the innovative cation-exchange membranes obtained from ceramic materials are presented. Different microporous ceramic supports were obtained from an initial mixture of alumina and kaolin, to which a varying content of starch was added in order to obtain supports with different pore size distributions. The deposition of zirconium phosphate into the porous supports generates membranes with cation-exchange properties. The fabrication of ion-exchange membranes which could resist aggressive electrolytes such as strong oxidizing spent chromium plating baths or radioactive solutions would allow the application of electrodialysis for the decontamination and regeneration of these industrial effluents. The performance of the manufactured membranes was studied in nickel sulfate solutions by means of chronopotentiometry. An increase of the membrane voltage drop during chronopotentiometric measurements was observed in some membranes, which seems to be a consequence of concentration polarization phenomena resulting from the ionic transfer occurred through the membranes. Current–voltage curves were obtained for the different ceramic membranes, allowing the calculation of their ohmic resistance. The ohmic resistance of the membranes increased when the open porosity (OP) of the samples was incremented up to a value of 50%. For values of OP higher than 50%, the resistance of the membranes decreased significantly with porosity.

Keywords:

• Ceramic cation-exchange membranes
• Chronopotentiometry
• Zirconium phosphate
• Electrodialysis
• Industrial waste water reuse

Acknowledegments

M.C. Martí-Calatayud would like to express his gratitude to Universitat Politècnica de València for a postgraduate grant (Ref: 2010-12). S. Sales would like to express her gratitude to Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (Spain) for a postgraduate grant (AP2009-4409). This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (Spain) with the project numbers CTQ2008-06750-C02-01/PPQ and CTQ2008-06750-C02-02/PPQ.

Notes

Presented at the International Conference on Desalination for the Environment, Clean Water and Energy, European Desalination Society, April 23–26, 2012, Barcelona, Spain