Is perceived childlessness a cue for stereotyping? Evolutionary aspects of a social phenomenon

Abstract

The present research investigates the moderating role of the “child factor” in impression formation. 307 university students (148 males, 159 females) were asked to assess 14 traits related to physical attractiveness, resource accruing potential, and emotional stability. The stimulus person was either accompanied by a child or shown individually. As expected, targets depicted with children were believed to be more family‐committed and to possess greater parenting skills. The child factor also favourably biased respondents’ assessments in terms of honesty, faithfulness, and maturity. Women with children were assumed to be less ambitious, while men with children were believed to be more generous and possess higher status and financial security. All results are discussed within the greater evolutionary context of kin selection and the “good‐parent process”. It is hypothesized that the negative stereotyping of the voluntary childfree is a by‐product of cues that infer prosocial behaviour ‐ similar to those used in mate selection.

Notes

Address correspondence to: Dr. Ariane Kemkes, Tholius Institute ‐ Research in Applied Demography, P.O. Box 25335, Scottsdale, AZ 85255; Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]. E‐mail: akemkes@ tholiusinstitute.com